Tokayev's reforms reshape Kazakhstan's political landscape
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President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev's political reforms are gradually transforming Kazakhstan's governance structure, shifting power from the presidency to parliament and local bodies. The changes, including a strengthened parliament and revived Constitutional Court, aim to decentralize authority and enhance checks and balances. Even as the reforms advance, critics question their depth and the pace of implementation.
The Reform Package
Tokayev's reforms, initiated after the January 2022 unrest, include a single seven-year presidential term, a strengthened parliament with a mixed electoral system, and a revived Constitutional Court. The changes also devolve significant powers to local maslikhats (assemblies) and akims (governors). According to official data, over 30 new laws have been adopted since 2022 to support the political transformation.
Impact on Governance
The reforms have reduced presidential powers, with the head of state no longer chairing the Security Council or appointing regional akims directly. Parliament now approves the prime minister and cabinet, and the Constitutional Court can review laws for constitutionality. However, analysts note that the president retains control over foreign policy and the security apparatus, limiting the scope of change.
International Perspective
Western observers, including the European Parliament and the U.S. State Department, have cautiously welcomed the reforms as steps toward democratization. The OSCE noted improvements in electoral procedures during the 2023 parliamentary elections. Yet, organizations like Human Rights Watch highlight persistent issues with media freedom and political pluralism, pointing to the lack of a genuine opposition.
Proposed unicameral parliament
The constitutional reform includes a shift to a unicameral parliament, replacing the current bicameral system. This change is part of President Tokayev's broader vision for efficiency and a stronger state.
Referendum Results and Unicameral Shift
Kazakhstan's Central Referendum Commission reported 87.15% voter support for a new constitution, with 73.12% turnout. President Tokayev stated the reforms include a transition to a unicameral parliament.
What's Next
The government is expected to introduce further legislation on local governance and political party registration by year-end. It remains unclear whether the reforms will lead to a more competitive political environment or consolidate power under a new system.
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Tokayev's reforms reshape Kazakhstan's political landscape
