Kazakhstan supplies 28% of US uranium as Congress weighs ending Jackson-Vanik

September 5, 2026 at 02:33 PM2 min

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Kazakhstan supplied 28% of uranium delivered to US nuclear power plants in 2025, second only to Canada's 32%, according to the US Energy Information Administration. The figure was cited at a September 2 House Ways and Means Committee hearing on critical supply chains. Lawmakers are weighing the U.S.-Kazakhstan Trade Modernization Act, H.R. 1024, to end Jackson-Vanik restrictions on Kazakhstan.

Key Facts

Kazakhstan supplied 28% of uranium delivered to US nuclear power plants in 2025, according to the US Energy Information Administration.
Canada supplied 32% of US uranium imports in 2025, while US-origin uranium accounted for only 7%.
House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Jason Smith stated at a September 2 hearing that Kazakhstan already provides more than a quarter of US uranium imports.
The U.S.-Kazakhstan Trade Modernization Act, H.R. 1024, was introduced by Representative Jimmy Panetta on February 5, 2025, to terminate Jackson-Vanik provisions for Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan has received normal trade relations with the US on a temporary basis since 1992, but permanent normal trade relations have not been granted.

US Uranium Supply

Kazakhstan accounted for 28% of uranium delivered to US nuclear power plants in 2025, according to the US Energy Information Administration. Canada was the largest supplier with 32%, while uranium of US origin made up only 7%. House Ways and Means Committee Chairman Jason Smith, who visited Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia with a congressional delegation, cited Kazakhstan's role at a September 2 hearing. Smith told the committee that Kazakhstan already provides more than a quarter of US uranium imports.

Jackson-Vanik Amendment

The Jackson-Vanik amendment, part of the Trade Act of 1974, tied normal trade relations with the US to freedom of emigration from non-market economies. Kazakhstan has received normal trade relations with the US on a temporary basis since 1992, but permanent normal trade relations have not been granted. The U.S.-Kazakhstan Trade Modernization Act, H.R. 1024, introduced by Representative Jimmy Panetta on February 5, 2025, would terminate Jackson-Vanik provisions for Kazakhstan. The bill would allow the president to extend permanent normal trade relations to Kazakhstan.