McMaster University study finds GDF15 hormone curbs liver inflammation and fibrosis
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Researchers at McMaster University have discovered that the appetite-suppressing hormone GDF15 shifts liver immune cells into a protective mode, slowing cirrhosis progression independently of calorie intake or fat loss, according to a study published in Cell Metabolism. The hormone activates a brain-to-liver signaling pathway that suppresses inflammation and reduces fibrosis, without affecting food consumption or body weight.
The Mechanism
Researchers at McMaster University's Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research (MODR) found that GDF15 signals the brain, which then activates glucocorticoid release through the nervous system. These glucocorticoids suppress liver inflammation independently of changes in food intake, body weight, or liver fat content. The hormone also limited the progression of fibrosis, the accumulation of scar tissue associated with advanced liver disease. The experiments were conducted on mice genetically engineered to develop MASH, a severe liver condition that mirrors human disease progression.
Dual Role of GDF15
A 2023 study demonstrated that GDF15 helps maintain calorie burning during weight loss. The new research reveals a completely distinct function: liver protection via a previously unknown anti-inflammatory mechanism. These findings could guide the development of future therapies targeting liver inflammation, a primary driver of disease progression that remains challenging to treat. Until now, GDF15 was mainly recognized for its appetite-suppressing effects.
What's Next
The researchers plan to investigate whether GDF15-based therapies can be safely applied in humans, with clinical trials yet to be announced. It remains unclear whether the protective mechanism can be activated without side effects in patients with chronic liver conditions.
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McMaster University study finds GDF15 hormone curbs liver inflammation and fibrosis
